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dc.contributor.authorHaugen, Hans Morten
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-09T07:36:47Z
dc.date.available2024-08-09T07:36:47Z
dc.date.created2024-07-20T10:51:43Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.identifier.citationMiddle East Policy. 2024,en_US
dc.identifier.issn1061-1924
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3145493
dc.description.abstractFor nearly 20 years, nongovernmental organizations backing the Palestinian cause have promoted both «differentiation” and the better-known strategy of boycott, divestment, and sanctions (BDS). Differentiation is the practice of distinguishing between Israel and the occupied territories, terminating contracts with actors—irrespective of nationality—that contribute to and benefit from occupation-related activities, and seeking to promote Palestinian investments and exports. This strategy is fundamentally different from BDS, which targets not just the occupation but the Israeli state and its national entities. However, this article finds that laws and proposed legislation in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Israel do not delineate between Israel and Israeli-controlled territory, blurring the line between differentiation and BDS as tools to support Palestine. The evidence shows that courts have mostly ruled against differentiation practices, thus allowing harsh campaigns that impose heavy burdens on NGOs. These costs are both direct, through legal proceedings, and indirect in that they restrict the space for humanitarian action and delegitimize groups that employ differentiation. The study considers whether this constitutes lawfare, defined by experts as the exploitation “of the law of armed conflict to achieve tactical and strategic goals.”en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectimmigrasjonen_US
dc.subjectnordiske velferdsstateren_US
dc.subjectstatskirkenen_US
dc.titleEvaluating the practice of lawfare against pro-Palestinian groupsen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2024 The Author(s). Middle East Policy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Middle East Policy Council.en_US
dc.source.pagenumber1-16en_US
dc.source.journalMiddle East Policyen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12764
dc.identifier.cristin2282826
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal