“If we throw the roma out of the tent, we throw Jesus out of the tent”: Reflections on the role of religious actors in roma inclusion in Oslo, Norway

Abstract

This article presents re"ections on Roma inclusion in the context of intra-European mobility. It begins with accounts of visits to two religious actors running centres providing humanitarian assistance, social services, and opportunities to exercise religion to Roma and other migrants in Oslo, Norway: the Lutheran Church City Mission welcoming Roma migrants as guests in the City Mission Centre at Tøyen Church and the Pentecostal organisation Evangeliesenteret, where Roma migrants receive food and participate in religious gatherings at the Contact Centre. !e article re"ects on the modes of inclusion represented in these two accounts in relation to three di#erent approaches to inclusion: EU Roma policy, the work of the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann, and diaconal theology. !e article ends with re"ections on what inclusion might mean in the context of intra-European Roma mobility.